Newsletter

News from the full members

AODES 2011 Meeting will be held during the Conseuro meeting in Istanbul on Thursday 13^th October 2011

CONGRESS VENUE

The Meeting will take place at The Marmara Taksim Hotel , Istanbul.
Address: Taksim Square, Istanbul
Phone: +90 212 251 46 96
Fax: +90 212 244 05 09

ABOUT ISTANBUL

The strategic setting of Istanbul, the only city in the world built on two continents, has formed its destiny as an imperial capital for 1600 years. From the empires of Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman, this metropolis with its rich history and natural beauty, offers a friendly welcome and genuine hospitality. Numerous museums, ancient churches, synagogues, basilicas, mosques, mausoleums, palaces, bazaars and baths are standing today as the pride of all civilisations. With more than ten universities and many institutions, Istanbul is the most important centre of Turkish science and culture.

CONGRESS LANGUAGE

Congress language is English

Program 09.00 - 13.00 hr

Location: The Marmara Taksin Hotel, room: will be indicated later

Part I Scientific Program

Fluorides in caries prevention
by Prof.Dr. Bob ten Cate, ACTA University of Amsterdam

Contemporary diagnosis of initial caries lesions
by Prof. Dr. Jan Kuehnisch University of Munich

Secondary caries and operative dentistry: some facts and myths
by Prof. Dr. Niek Opdam University of Nymegen

Coffee break

Part II Oral presentations and distribution of Awards

Part III General assembly

Academia Italiana di Conservativa

del campo operatorio. - Dr. F. Fonzar
10 - 13 Il pretrattamento e l’apertura della camera pulpare. - Dr. A. Mollo
14 - 15.30 La determinazione della lunghezza di lavoro. - Dr. A. Mazzocco
15.30 - 18 Esercitazione pratica.

2° INCONTRO

28 Ottobre 2011- venerdì

9 - 10.30 Utilizzo degli strumenti manuali. - Dr. G. De Caroli
10.30 - 13 La sagomatura del canale radicolare secondo la tecnica Mtwo.
Dr. A. Gesi, Dr. P. Mareschi
14 -18 La sagomatura del canale radicolare secondo la tecnica Mtwo.

29 Ottobre 2011 – sabato

9 -13 Esercitazione pratica. - Dr. G. De Caroli, Dr. A. Gesi, Dr. P. Mareschi
14 -18 I ritrattamenti (perforazioni e strumenti fratturati). - Dr. A. Fassi, Dr. M. Forestali

3° INCONTRO

17 Novembre 2011 - giovedì

9 -13 Sistema WaveOne : dalla sagomatura alla chiusura del canale radicolare.
Dr E. Tosco, Dr. P. Ballor
14 -18 Esercitazione pratica.

18 Novembre 2011 - venerdì

9 -13 L’otturazione del canale radicolare. - Dr. M. Venturi
14 -18 Esercitazione pratica. - Dr. M. Venturi, Dr. M. Messori

19 Novembre 2011 - sabato

9 - 11.30 Endodonzia chirurgica Dr. A. Marcoli
11.30 -13 Il restauro diretto del dente devitalizzato. - Dr. P. Ferrari
14 -16.30 Il restauro indiretto del dente devitalizzato. - Dr. S. Bottacchiari
16.30 -18 Quando conviene fare endodonzia e quando l’impianto. - Dr. V. Ferri

15th International Congress “ quality in conservative dentistry”

Letter by the Chairman

Dear friends of the Academy,
It is a great pleasure to invite you to the 15th International Congress “Quality in on Conservative Dentistry”.
“Quality” is a very controversial term; it has been defined with a pervasive and only apparently intuitive and simple concept in the common language. As a matter of fact, quality is complex and determined by a variety of factors. Quality also means capability of achieving the goals set (effectiveness) using human, time and financial resources in the most cost-effective way (efficiency).

At a time when “dental supermarkets” seem to take ground and replace one-dentist practices, I believe it is appropriate to wonder why all this is happening. Maybe the answer lies in the fact that patients nowadays are searching for solutions combining professional services and a price at which quality is difficult to provide. These issues add further pressure onto professionals who are already being challenged by financial constraints.

Since at times of crisis quality seems to be the only real solution to the problem, we have invited prestigious international speakers to give us the state of the art about “quality in conservative dentistry”. Several clinical topics, both traditional and innovative, will be debated to end up with very stimulating contributions about cost-effectiveness from a biological and economic viewpoint for the most commonly-adopted treatment options. All this will help us get ready for our future professional challenges with correct information and enough motivation to overcome problems looming ahead.

Besides the photo competition, the welcome coffee and the social dinner, this year there is something new: lunch on Friday and Saturday at the Conference Center included in the attendance fee. This has been made possible thanks to the work of the Board, the Cultural Committee and the organizing secretariat but also to generous sponsors that I would like to thank very much. Being confident that this is going to be a very stimulating congress, I would like to thank you very much for your supporting presence and wish you a very successful congress.

See you at Riva!

Adamo Monari
AIC Chairman 2010-2012

DGZ

Aktuelles
DGZ-Jahrestagung 2012

Die 26. DGZ-Jahrestagung findet am
20./21. April 2012 im Hygienemuseum in
Dresden statt.

Das Hauptthema der Tagung lautet: Biowissenschaft und Nanotechnologie treffen Zahnerhaltung.

Ein vorläufiges Programm mit weiteren Infos finden Sie hier.

Die Deadline zur Einreichung von Abstracts für das wissenschaftliche Hauptprogramm sowie für das Praktikerforum ist am 15.01.2012.

Willkommen bei der SVPR

Schweizerische Vereinigung für Präventive und Restaurative Zahnmedizin

Es freut uns, dass Sie den Weg auf unsere Homepage gefunden haben.
Unsere Homepage soll ein Informationsorgan für Zahnärztinnen und Zahnärzte und Patientinnen und Patienten sein.

Wir möchten Sie informieren und Ihnen die Gelegenheit geben, Fragen an uns zu stellen.
Kontakt: Dr. Stefano Ardu, E-Mail: stefano.ardu@unige.ch
Please address your e-mails to Dr. Ardu in english or in french.
Adressez, s.v.p., vos e-mails au Dr Ardu en français ou en anglais.

News from the Universities

Promotions

Joost Roeters has been appointed Professor part-time in Adhesive Dentistry at ACTA, dental school University of Amsterdam
Joost Roeters has been working for the UMC St. Radboud Nijmegen since 1978.
He started out at the department for paediatric dentistry and the centre for special dentistry. In 1992 he obtained his doctorate with the thesis “Prediction of future caries prevalence in preschool children”.
At the moment he is senior lecturer of the department of preventative and curative dentistry and involved in research and education in the field of adhesive dentistry.
He is the first author of the books “Cosmetische tandheelkunde met composiet” and “Handboek esthetische tandheelkunde” which he wrote in cooperation with H. de Kloet. Also numerous publications have been written by him in the field of adhesive dentistry and on this subject he regularly lectures as well domestically as abroad.

Doctoral degrees

"BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF RESIN COMPOSITES SUBCUTANEOUSLY IMPLANTED IN RATS WITH EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED ARTHRITIS".
Anagnostou Maria
PhD Thesis, Dental School of Athens, Greece, 2009

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of a resin composite subcutaneously implanted in rats with experimentally induced polyarthritis. The testing hypotheses were: (a) there are significant differences in tissue response between healthy rats and rats with experimental arthritis and (b) lower resin composite conversion induces more severe reactions in both groups.
Materials and methods: Α hybrid resin composite restorative (Spectrum, Dentsply/ DeTrey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany- Shade A2) was used in the study. Cylindrical moulds (Ø = 2 mm, h = 1.5 mm) filled with the composite paste were pressed between two transparent glass slides covered with cellulose strips to remove any excess. The specimens were exposed for 10 s (n=3) and for 40 s (n=3) to a halogen light-curing unit (Elipar Trilight, 3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) operated in standard irradiation mode at 700 mW/cm2 light intensity, as verified by an external curing radiometer (Model 100, Demetron Corp., Danbury, CT, USA). The amount of remaining C=C bonds (%RDB) in the irradiated specimens was measured by micro-attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (micro-ATR FTIR). Spectra acquisition was performed on an FTIR spectrometer (Spectrum GX, Perkin-Elmer, Beaconsfield, UK) equipped with a micro-ATR cell (Golden Gate MK II, Specac, Smyrna, GA, USA) operated under the following conditions: 4000-600 cm-1 range, 4 cm-1 resolution, 20 scans coaddition, 2 mm diamond minicrystal of a single internal reflection, ZnSe lenses and 2 μm depth of analysis at 1000 cm-1. Spectra were acquired from top (directly irradiated) and bottom specimen surfaces 10 min after irradiation. The %RDB of the tested surfaces was calculated by the two frequency technique using the net peak absorbance areas of C=C stretching vibrations at 1638 cm-1 as analytical frequency and the aromatic C···C stretching vibrations at 1605 cm-1 as reference frequency according to the equation:
%RDB = AM (C···C)AP X (C=C) / AM (C=C) AP (C···C)] where AM and AP are the net peak absorbance area ratios of the uncured and cured material, respectively. Statistical analysis of the %RDB per specimen surface and light-curing time was performed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s multiple comparison test, at an α: 0.05 significance level.
For the animal implantation test, 36 male Wistar rats randomly divided into two groups (n=18, 270.0±27.3 g weigth, 3-4 mo age) were used in the study. The animals were treated in accordance with standard principles. In the first group, induction of arthritis was performed by injection of Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA) supplemented with mycobacterium in the right hind paw (1mg mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra/ATCC 25177 heat killed and dried, 0.85 ml paraffin oil and 0.15 ml mannide monooleate, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). In the animals of the second group (healthy controls), only paraffin oil was injected in the right hind paw. Resin composite specimens were fabricated as described above and irradiated for 10 s (n=18) and 40 s (n=18). Calcium hydroxide specimens (n=18) of the same dimensions were used as control material possessing acceptable biocompatibility. Ten days after the injection and the onset of arthritis, the animals were anesthetized by intramuscular injection of ketamine hydrochloride. Following shaving and disinfecting the animal’s dorsum, subcutaneous pockets were prepared by incisions to a depth of ~15 mm. Three pockets were prepared per animal, two for the resin composite specimens (40 s and 10 s exposure) and one for the calcium hydroxide controls. The incisions were closed with silk sutures. Following 14, 28 and 63 days after the onset of arthritis, six animals of each group were sacrificed per period by injection of ketamine hydrochloride. Immediately after sacrifice, blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis, to evaluate the arthritis development. The biochemical indices evaluated were rheumatoid factor, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, albumin, total proteins and globulin. Additionally, experimental arthritis development was defined through the changes in the relative weight (organ weight/body weight) of adrenals, spleen and thymus and the changes in the right hind paw width. The implanted specimens were removed with the surrounding tissue and immersed in 10 % neutral buffered formalin for 48 h. The tissue was then embedded in paraffin and 4 μm sections were prepared by a microtome. The sections were mounted on glass slides and stained with hematoxylin/eosin. The various types of inflammatory cells, the presence of acute or chronic type of inflammation, of necrosis, the occurrence of fibrous tissue and the vascular changes were evaluated. Tissue inflammation was graded as mild, moderate or severe according to the criteria suggested by Ørstavik and Mjör (1988). Statistical analysis of biochemical data and organ weights was performed using t-test, at an α: 0.05 significance level. Histological data were analyzed by logistic regression (α: 0.05).
Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the mean values per site (top vs bottom) and exposure time (10 s vs 40 s) groups. Increased exposure time led to significantly reduced %RDB values on top and bottom surfaces. Statistical analysis of data from biochemical analysis and relative organ weights showed that there were significant differences between healthy animals and animals with experimental arthritis for all the parameters tested. Regarding the histological evaluation, the health status of the animals and the curing status of the materials used did not influence tissue response. The first (14 d) and second (28 d) periods of implantation showed reduced propensity of connective tissue development (moderate ranking) in comparison to the third period (63 d, control group), independently of the material used and the health status of the animals. The same applied for the first period (14 d) regarding severe ranking and for the second period (28 d) regarding the presence of giant cells (severe ranking). In conclusion, establishment of experimental arthritis did not result in an altered tissue response to the implanted resin composite specimens in comparison to the control group. The response did not differ among the materials tested. The period of implantation was associated with different tissue responses.
Significance: The results of the present study showed that: (a) development of arthritis was not associated with different connective tissue responses to the resin composite implanted, and (b) lower resin composite conversion within the clinically acceptable limits does not alter tissue reactions regardless of the presence of arthritis.

NEW CONCEPTS IN MINIMAL-INVASIVE CARIES REMOVAL AND THEIR COMPATIBILITY WITH ADHESIVE DENTISTRY
Aline de Almeida Neves Coutinho
PhD Thesis Dental School of Leuven, Belgium, October 2010

The ultimate goal of contemporary minimal-invasive caries-removal techniques is to eliminate as much as possible, both irreversibly destroyed tissue, and to preserve sound tissue. Furthermore, the exposed residual dentin substrate should be compatible with the upcoming bonding procedure in order to produce a stable and durable bond of the restorative material to the prepared dental tissue.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the caries-removal effectiveness (CRE) and minimal-invasive potential (MIP) of contemporary caries-excavation methods by means of a non-destructive micro-CT technique and to assess the adhesive capability of a 'gold-standard' self-etch adhesive as measured by micro-TBS to residual caries-excavated dentin.
In first instance, methodological aspects regarding micro-CT and the generation of tri-dimensioneel volumetric data of full-tooth specimens were addressed, such as standardization of acquisition parameters, correction of artefacts, digital image processing/segmentation of tooth structures and mineral density calibration. Secondly, the stress-concentration potential arising from diverse µ-TBS-specimens geometries and from the presence of a bi-material interface were investigated in order to reduce the variability in µ-TBS-test results, especially when measuring the bond strength to such a difficult substrate as residual caries-excavated dentin.
In a next study project part of this doctoral thesis, nine contemporary caries-excavation methods were tested, including 6 commercially available and 3 experimental techniques. Carious teeth were scanned using micro-CT before and after caries removal. After 3D-volume reconstruction, the CRE and MIP parameters were determined. For each caries-excavation technique, µ-TBS of a gold-standard 2-step self-adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray, Tokyo, Japan) to 'residual caries-excavated' and 'sound' dentin originating from the same tooth was calculated. Selected samples were fractographically analyzed after ù-TBS testing, while some intact specimens were prepared for interfacial analysis using Masson's thricrome histological staining.
During the methodological phase of this thesis, a complete micro-CT protocol to study tooth specimens was worked out. Acquisition parameters were standardized, enabling in the best signal-to-noise ratio in a suitable scanning time and file size. A beam-hardening correction based on a wedge-shaped hydroxyapatite (HAp) phantom with similar mineral density {MD} as sound enamel, resulted in linearly distributed grey values in enamel and dentin. Finally, calibration procedures to translate micro-CT values into MD of HAp were successfully applied, resulting in accurate MD values in enamel and dentin.
Regarding micro-specimens for µ-TBS testing, a stick-shaped geometry appeared most appropriate because no stress-concentration factor related to alternative notch geometry was identified. Debonding at the interface area during the test procedure is in this case was solely guaranteed by the stress-concentration factor resulting from the bi-material adhesive-dentin interface.
Regarding the bonding effectiveness of a self-etch adhesive to residual caries-excavated dentin, the results of this thesis indicate that in general bond strength to 'residual caries-excavated' dentin was lower than to 'sound' dentin, irrespective of the caries-excavation method employed.
ErYAG laser excavation guided by the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) feedback system (Kavo, Biberach, Germany) resulted in highly variable CRE and MIP, with some specimens presenting the highest volume of residual caries, while others showed excessive removal of sound tissue. Bonding to such Er:YAG-prepared dentin was less effective than to sound dentin as measured in terms of µ-BS. Moreover, a thick layer of demineralized/unprotected collagen at the interface was also identified. These unfavourable results were attributed to the caries-removal endpoint used with this technique which was based on LIF values at the residual dentin substrate. In this thesis, LIF values were directly affected by the degree of staining in the residual dentin substrate. The low 'selective' cavity preparation resulted from this caries-excavation technique must therefore be ascribed to over-excavation into stained and possibly inactive carious tissue, and to under-preparation in less stained active lesions, where still carious tissue was left.
The use of rotary caries-excavation techniques resulted in a better CRE, except for CeraBur and Cariex, which, although resulting in the best MIP, showed a clear tendency to leave residual caries at the cavity bottom and cavity walls, respectively. Tungsten-carbide bur excavation aided by Caries Detector, resulted in some over-excavation into sound dentin, which was slightly less the case when a tungsten-carbide bur was solely used. Although different degrees of unprotected collagen were seen for CeraBur, Cariex and a tungsten-carbide bur, the eventual bonding receptiveness seemed not to be directly affected by the rotary caries-excavation method used.
Regarding chemo-mechanical caries-excavation methods, while the plastic excavator used along with the exp. SFC-Vlil resulted in a low CRE and only a moderate µ-TBS to 'residual caries-excavated' dentin, as compared to 'sound' dentin, the other chemo-mechanical methods (exp. SFC-VIII, exp. SFC-V and Carisolv), used along with a metal excavator, resulted in a better compromise between effective removal and appropriate MIP. Carisolv resulted in the highest µ-TBS to 'residual caries-excavated' dentin, with only 1% reduction as compared to a sound dentin control.
Irrespective of the caries-excavation method, it remains advisable to finish cavity margins in sound tissue to guarantee the most long-lasting adhesive restoration, while approaching a minimal-invasive tissue removal at the cavity bottom.

Filip KEULEMANS obtained his PhD on September 16th 2010, at the University of Amsterdam (ACTA) defending his thesis entitled:
‘EXPLORING THE LIMITATIONS OF FIBRE-REINFORCED COMPOSITE FIXED DENTAL PROTHESES’.
Promotor: Prof. dr. A.J. Feilzer;
co-promotors: dr. C.J. Kleverlaan en dr. A van Dalen
Publications list:
1. Static and dynamic failure load of fiber-reinforced composite and particulate filler composite cantilever resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses.
Keulemans F, Van Dalen A, Kleverlaan CJ, Feilzer AJ.
J Adhes Dent. 2010 Jun;12(3):207-14.
2. Fracture strength and fatigue resistance of dental resin-based composites.
Keulemans F, Palav P, Aboushelib MM, van Dalen A, Kleverlaan CJ, Feilzer AJ.
Dent Mater. 2009 Nov;25(11):1433-41.
3. The influence of framework design on the load-bearing capacity of laboratory-made inlay-retained fibre-reinforced composite fixed dental prostheses.
Keulemans F, Lassila LV, Garoushi S, Vallittu PK, Kleverlaan CJ, Feilzer AJ.
J Biomech. 2009 May 11;42(7):844-9
4. A prospective randomized clinical trial of one bis-GMA-based and two ormocer-based composite restorative systems in class II cavities: Five-year results.
Bottenberg P, Jacquet W, Alaerts M, Keulemans F.
J Dent. 2009 Mar;37(3):198-203.
5. Influence of retainer design on two-unit cantilever resin-bonded glass fiber reinforced composite fixed dental prostheses: an in vitro and finite element analysis study.
Keulemans F, De Jager N, Kleverlaan CJ, Feilzer AJ.
J Adhes Dent. 2008 Oct;10(5):355-64.
6. A prospective randomised clinical trial of one bis-GMA-based and two ormocer-based composite restorative systems in class II cavities: three-year results.
Bottenberg P, Alaerts M, Keulemans F.
J Dent. 2007 Feb;35(2):163-71.